Aluminium Oxide (Al₂O₃), commonly known as alumina, is a fundamental material in technical ceramics. With a molecular weight of 102 and an exceptionally high melting point of 2072°C, it is one of the most widely used ceramic materials due to its outstanding overall properties and versatility.
Alumina ceramics boast excellent thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and resistance to high temperatures, making them both versatile and indispensable. Furthermore, their exceptional wear resistance and low thermal expansion coefficient further enhance their applicability across various industries, ensuring that alumina-based components can endure extreme conditions and mechanical stresses. These attributes solidify aluminium oxide as a critical material in applications requiring exceptional durability and reliability.
Aluminium oxide’s multifaceted performance makes it a core material driving innovation in modern industry and technology. Its insulating properties are essential in electronics, its wear resistance is indispensable in mechanical systems, and its thermal conductivity is crucial in thermal management.
1. Industrial Appliances
Alumina ceramics are essential in the production of components for industrial appliances, offering remarkable thermal stability, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. These properties make alumina ideal for use in furnaces, thermal couple protectors, and other high-temperature environments where durability is crucial.
2. Protective Coatings
With its high purity, alumina serves as an excellent protective coating in various industries. The material’s resistance to abrasion, corrosion, and thermal shock helps extend the lifespan and performance of equipment, especially in harsh conditions, ensuring reliable operation over time.
3. Laboratory Equipment
Due to its chemical inertness and high melting point, alumina is widely used in laboratory equipment, such as crucibles and grinding tools. Its durability makes it an optimal choice for high-temperature and chemically demanding applications, including heating and grinding chemical compounds.
4. Engineered Ceramics
Engineered alumina ceramics are indispensable in advanced technological fields, such as semiconductor manufacturing, ion implantation, and photolithography. Their high purity and precision make them suitable for demanding applications that require superior performance and reliability.
5. Refractories
Alumina’s high melting point and exceptional resistance to thermal shock make it a key material in refractories, which are used for lining furnaces, kilns, and reactors across various industries. Its durability under extreme conditions ensures efficient and long-lasting operation.
6. Medical Applications: Artificial Bones and Joints
Thanks to its biocompatibility, strength, and wear resistance, alumina is used to manufacture artificial bones and joints. These ceramic materials contribute to improved quality of life for patients, offering a reliable, long-lasting solution in medical prosthetics.
7. Abrasive Materials
The extreme hardness of alumina ceramics makes them ideal for abrasive applications, including grinding media and abrasive tools. Its durability and efficiency in these applications outclass metals, making it an indispensable material in various abrasive industries.
8. Consumer Electronics
Alumina’s electrical insulating properties and excellent thermal management make it essential in consumer electronics. The material is used in components such as insulators, substrates, and enclosures, providing reliable performance and longevity in devices that require high precision and reliability.
9. Traditional Industry Applications
In traditional industries, alumina ceramics are used in a variety of applications, such as injector tubes, gas nozzles, and insulators. These products benefit from alumina’s hardness, thermal resistance, and reliability, making it ideal for heavy-duty industrial use.
10. Grinding and Polishing Tools
Alumina’s hardness and resistance to wear make it the preferred material for grinding and polishing tools. It is widely used in laboratory settings, where mortars and pestles made from alumina are employed for preparing chemical samples and compounds.
Chemical Formula | Al2O3 |
Mechanical | |
Density | 3.9 g/cm3 |
Hardness | 17.2 GPa |
Modulus of Elasticity | 380 GPa |
Flexural Strength | 380 MPa |
Compressive Strength | 2450 MPa |
Poisson’s Ratio | 0.23 |
Fracture Toughness | 4 MPa m½ |
Electrical | |
Dielectric Strength | 15 ac V/mm |
Dielectric Constant | 9.9 (@ 1 MHz) |
Volume Resistivity | 10^14 ohm-cm |
Thermal | |
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 7.2 x 10^-6/°C |
Thermal Conductivity | 37 W/(m*K) |
Specific Heat | 780 J/(Kg*K) |
Shock Resistance | 250 °C Diff. |
Maximum Working Temperature | 1700 °C |
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